How does a nurse assess the Moro reflex in a newborn?

The Moro reflex, also known as the startle reflex, is an involuntary response that newborns display when they sense a sudden change in position or a loud noise. To properly assess this reflex in a newborn, the most effective method is to create a startling stimulus. Striking the crib surface on which the newborn is lying generates a vibration or a sound that can trigger the reflex.

When this stimulus is applied, the expected response from the newborn is to extend their arms and legs in a spasm-like motion, followed by a quick return of the arms to the body, as if they are trying to grasp something. This response is a key indicator of neurological function and is typically present in healthy newborns.

Other methods listed do not accurately assess the Moro reflex. For instance, gently pinching the baby's foot or passively moving the baby's arms may not provide a reliable trigger for the reflex, and holding the baby upright does not create the necessary conditions to elicit the startle reaction. Thus, using the technique of striking the crib surface is crucial for a proper evaluation of the Moro reflex in newborns.